Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability

People and Nature

Assem A. A. Mohamed¹  Ignacio Palomo²  Lenke Balint³  Jianguo Liu⁴  Odirilwe Selomane⁵  Sandra Díaz⁶  Eduardo S. Brondízio⁷  Karen Esler⁸  Shizuka Hashimoto⁹  John Agard^1,10  Barbara Muraca^1,11  Ralf Seppelt^1,12  Rachelle K. Gould^1,13  Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono^1,14  Rashid Sumaila^1,15  Josef Settele^1,16  Christopher Barrington‐Leigh^1,17  Kai M. A. Chan^1,18  Harold Eyster^1,18  John Driscoll^1,18  Edward J. Gregr^1,18  David R. Boyd^1,18  Robin Naidoo^1,18  Paige Olmsted^1,18  Terre Satterfield^1,18  Ali Kerem Saysel^1,19  Hien T. Ngo^2,20  Bernardo Strassburg^2,21  Jens Jetzkowitz^2,22  Gerald G. Singh^2,23  William W. L. Cheung^2,23  Mike Murray‐Hudson^2,24  Marcel Kok^2,25  Tanya Lazarova^2,25  Patrick O'Farrell^2,26  Dayuan Xue^2,27  Thomas Hickler^2,28  Ana Paula D. deAguiar^2,29  Gladys Cecilia Hernández Pedraza^3,30  Dolors Armenteras^3,31 

[1] Agricultural Research Center (ARC)Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC) Giza Egypt;Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) Leioa Spain;BirdLife International Cambridge UK;Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA;Centre for Complex Systems in Transition Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa;Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Faculta de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina;Department of Anthropology Indiana University Bloomington IN USA;Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology & Centre for Invasion Biology Matieland South Africa;Department of Ecosystem Studies The University of Tokyo Bunkyo Japan;Department of Life Sciences St. Augustine Campus University of the West Indies Saint Augustin Trinidad and Tobago;Department of Philosophy Environmental Studies University of Oregon Eugene OR USA;Department. of Computational Landscape Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ Leipzig Germany;Environmental Program and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Burlington VT USA;Faculty of Forestry Forest Sciences Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada;Fisheries Economics Research Unit Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries and Liu Institute for Global Issues The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada;German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research‐iDiv Leipzig Germany;Institute for Health and Social Policy, and School of Environment McGill University Montreal QC Canada;Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada;Institute of Environmental Sciences Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey;Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) IPBES Secretariat Bonn Germany;International Institute for Sustainability Estrada Dona Castorina Rio de Janeiro Brazil;Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany;Nippon Foundation‐Nereus Program Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada;Okavango Research InstituteUniversity of Botswana Maun Botswana;PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands;Percy Fitz Patrick Institute of African Ornithology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa;School of Life and Environmental Science Minzu University of China Beijing China;Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK‐F) Frankfurt/Main Germany;Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden;The World Economy Research Center Havana Cuba;Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogotá) Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Biología Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD Bogotá Colombia;

关键词: biodiversity;    ecosystem services;    governance interventions;    human population size;    indirect drivers;    Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES);   

DOI  :  10.1002/pan3.10124

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals. As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability? Applying a social–ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre‐emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision‐making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non‐substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits. Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling‐up of sustainability initiatives—it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

【 授权许可】

Unknown