Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability

People and Nature

article

Kai M. A. Chan¹  David R. Boyd¹  Rachelle K. Gould²  Jens Jetzkowitz³  Jianguo Liu⁴  Barbara Muraca⁵  Robin Naidoo¹  Paige Olmsted¹  Terre Satterfield¹  Odirilwe Selomane⁷  Gerald G. Singh⁸  Rashid Sumaila⁹  Hien T. Ngo^1,10  Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono^1,11  John Agard^1,12  Ana Paula D. de Aguiar^1,13  Dolors Armenteras^1,15  Lenke Balint^1,16  Christopher Barrington-Leigh^1,17  William W. L. Cheung⁸  Sandra Díaz^1,18  John Driscoll¹  Karen Esler^1,19  Harold Eyster¹  Edward J. Gregr¹  Shizuka Hashimoto^2,20  Gladys Cecilia Hernández Pedraza^2,21  Thomas Hickler^2,22  Marcel Kok^2,24  Tanya Lazarova^2,24  Assem A. A. Mohamed^2,25  Mike Murray-Hudson^2,26  Patrick O'Farrell^2,27  Ignacio Palomo^2,28  Ali Kerem Saysel^3,30  Ralf Seppelt^3,31  Josef Settele^3,33  Bernardo Strassburg^3,35  Dayuan Xue^3,36  Eduardo S. Brondízio^3,37 

[1] Institute for Resources, The University of British Columbia;Environmental Program and Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont;Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science;Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University;Department of Philosophy, University of Oregon;World Wildlife Fund;Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University;Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia;Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries and Liu Institute for Global Issues, The University of British Columbia;Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES);Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia;Department of Life Sciences, St. Augustine Campus, University of the West Indies;Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University;Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE);Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogotá);BirdLife International;Institute for Health and Social Policy, and School of Environment, McGill University;Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba;Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology & Centre for Invasion Biology;Department of Ecosystem Studies, The University of Tokyo;The World Economy Research Center;Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F);Department of Physical Geography, Goethe-University;PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency;Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC);Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana;Percy Fitz Patrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town;Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3);Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS–Université Grenoble Alpes;Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University;Department. of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ;Institute of Geoscience & Geography, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg;German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research-iDiv;Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research;International Institute for Sustainability;School of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China;Department of Anthropology, Indiana University

关键词: biodiversity;    ecosystem services;    governance interventions;    human population size;    indirect drivers;    Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES);    policy;    relational values;   

DOI  :  10.1002/pan3.10124

学科分类：护理学

来源: Wiley

【 摘 要 】

Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals. As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability? Applying a social–ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre-emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision-making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non-substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits. Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling-up of sustainability initiatives—it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

【 授权许可】

CC BY