Case Report: Evolution of Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Two COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccine

Frontiers in Immunology

Timothée Bruel¹  Morgane Solis³  Paola Rossolillo³  Delphine Planas⁴  Samira Fafi-Kremer⁴  Jean Sibilia⁵  Slim Fourati⁶  Pierre Gantner⁸  Floriane Gallais⁸  Eric Soulier⁸  Florian Pierre⁹  Olivier Schwartz^1,10 

[1] Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France;CHU de Strasbourg, Département de Rhumathologie, Strasbourg, France;CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France;Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 3569, Paris, France;Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France;Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France;Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IIMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 955, Créteil, France;Strasbourg University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique Immuno-Rhumathologie Moléculaire (IRM UMR-S) 1109, Strasbourg, France;Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France;;Virus &

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    variant of concern;    vaccine;    immune evasion;    breakthrough infection;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2022.790212

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after complete vaccination are increasing whereas their determinants remain uncharacterized.MethodsWe analyzed two cases of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections by α and β variants, respectively. For each participant both humoral (binding and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular (activation markers and cytokine expression) immune responses were characterized longitudinally.ResultsThe first participant (P1) was infected by an α variant and displayed an extended and short period of viral excretion and symptom. Analysis of cellular and humoral response 72 h post-symptom onset revealed that P1 failed at developing neutralizing antibodies and a potent CD4 memory response (lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+IL-2+ cells) and CD8 effector response (CD8+IFNγ+ cells). The second participant (P2) developed post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection by a β variant, associated with a short period of viral excretion and symptoms. Despite displaying initially high levels and polyfunctional T cell responses, P2 lacked initial β-directed neutralizing antibodies. Both participants developed and/or increased their neutralization activity and cellular responses against all variants, namely, β and δ variants that lasts up to 3 months after breakthrough infection.ConclusionsAn analysis of cellular and humoral response suggests two possible mechanisms of breakthrough infection: a poor immune response to vaccine and viral evasion to neutralizing antibodies.

【 授权许可】

Unknown