Grid-Tied Photovoltaic and Battery Storage Systems with Malaysian Electricity Tariff—A Review on Maximum Demand Shaving

Energies

Frede Blaabjerg¹  Gopinath Subramani²  Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban³  Josep M. Guerrero⁴  Lucian Mihet-Popa⁵  Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy⁶ 

[1] Centre for Reliable Power Electronics, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University,9000 Aalborg, Denmark;Department of Electrical Engineering, Nilai University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway;Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;

关键词: electricity tariff;    maximum demand (MD);    peak shaving;    photovoltaic;    battery storage system;    net metering;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en10111884

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Under the current energy sector framework of electricity tariff in Malaysia, commercial and industrial customers are required to pay the maximum demand (MD) charge apart from the net consumption charges every month. The maximum demand charge will contribute up to 20% of the electricity bill, and will hence result in commercial and industrial customers focussing on alternative energy supply to minimize the billing cost. This paper aims to review the technical assessment methods of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV)—battery storage system—with respect to maximum demand shaving. An effective battery storage system can provide the extra energy needed during the peak energy consumption periods, as well as when renewable energy (RE) sources go offline. Based on the reviews, maximum demand shaving with good Return-of-Investment (ROI) can be achieved by considering the actual load profile, technical, and economic aspects of the solar PV-battery system and the Malaysian electricity tariff for commercial and industrial customers.

【 授权许可】

Unknown