Deforestation and Forest Degradation as an Environmental Behavior: Unpacking Realities Shaping Community Actions

Land

Joanes Atela¹  Belachew Gizachew¹  PeterA. Minang²  JudithM. Nzyoka³  Florence Bernard⁴  LalisaA. Duguma⁵  AlemayehuN. Ayana⁵ 

[1] ASB Partnership for the Tropical Forest Margins, UN Avenue, Gigiri, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;African Centre for Technology Studies ICIPE, Duduville Campus, Kasarani, Nairobi P.O. Box 45917, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 24536, Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia;Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Høgskoleveien 8, NO-1431 Ås, Norway;;World Agroforestry Centre &

关键词: behavior;    deforestation;    drivers;    forest degradation;    livelihoods;   

DOI  :  10.3390/land8020026

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Deforestation and forest degradation (D&D) in the tropics have continued unabated and are posing serious threats to forests and the livelihoods of those who depend on forests and forest resources. Smallholder farmers are often implicated in scientific literature and policy documents as important agents of D&D. However, there is scanty information on why smallholders exploit forests and what the key drivers are. We employed behavioral sciences approaches that capture contextual factors, attitudinal factors, and routine practices that shape decisions by smallholder farmers. Data was collected using household surveys and focus group discussions in two case study forests—Menagesha Suba Forest in Ethiopia and Maasai Mau Forest in Kenya. Our findings indicate that factors that forced farmers to engage in D&D were largely contextual, i.e., sociodemographic, production factors constraint, as well as policies and governance issues with some influences of routine practices such as wood extraction for fuelwood and construction. Those factors can be broadly aggregated as necessity-driven, market-driven, and governance-driven. In the forests studied, D&D are largely due to necessity needs and governance challenges. Though most factors are intrinsic to smallholders’ context, the extent and impact on D&D were largely aggravated by factors outside the forest landscape. Therefore, policy efforts to reduce D&D should carefully scrutinize the context, the factors, and the associated enablers to reduce forest losses under varying socioeconomic, biophysical, and resource governance conditions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown