Sexual IPV and non-partner rape of female sex workers: Findings of a cross-sectional community-centric national study in South Africa

SSM - Mental Health

Naomi Hill¹  Khuthadzo Hlongwane²  Kennedy Otwombe³  Venice Mbowane³  Kristin Dunkle⁴  Minja Milovanovic⁵  Rachel Jewkes⁶  Mokgadi Matuludi⁶  Glenda Gray⁷  Jenny Coetzee⁷  Kathryn L. Hopkins⁷  Maya Jaffer⁷ 

[1] African Potential Foundation, Kyalami, South Africa;Corresponding author. Office of the President, South African Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.;Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa;Office of the President, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa;School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa;;Gender &Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Soweto, South Africa;

关键词: Sex work;    Rape violence;    South Africa;    Intimate partner violence;    Gender;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background: Globally female sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to violence from intimate partners, police and clients due to stigma and criminalisation. In this paper we describe South African FSWs' exposure to violence and factors associated with having been raped in the past year. Methods: We conducted a multi-stage, community-centric, cross-sectional survey of 3005 FSWs linked to sex worker programmes in 12 sites across all nine provinces that had a SW programme. Adult women who sold sex in the preceding six months were recruited for interviews via sex worker networks. Survey tools were developed in consultation with peer educators and FSWs. Results: In the past year, 70.4% of FSWs experienced physical violence and 57.9% were raped: by policemen (14.0%), clients (48.3%), other men (30.2%) and/or and intimate partner (31.9%). Sexual IPV was associated with food insecurity, entering sex work as a child, childhood trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), drinking alcohol to cope with sex work, working more days, partner controlling behaviour, having an ex-client partner, and having no current partner to protect from ex-partners. Rape by a client, other men or policemen was associated with food insecurity, childhood trauma, PTSD, depression, using alcohol and drugs, being homeless or staying in a sex work venue, selling sex on the streets, working more days and having entered sex work as a child and been in sex work for longer. Conclusion: South African FSWs are very vulnerable to rape. Within the social climate of gender inequality, sex work stigma, criminalisation, and repeated victimisation, the key drivers are structural factors, childhood and other trauma exposure, mental ill-health, circumstances of sex work and, for SIPV, partner characteristics. Mostly these are amenable to intervention, with legislative change being foundational for ending abuse by policemen, enhancing safety of indoor venues and providing greater economic options for women.

【 授权许可】

Unknown