期刊论文详细信息
Frontiers in Microbiology
Metagenomic and Resistome Analysis of a Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Singapore Containing Membrane Bioreactors
Boonfei Tan1  Xiaoqiong Gu2  Laurence Haller2  Hongjie Chen2  Francis Rathinam Charles2  Charmaine Ng3  Tong Zhang4  Xiao-Tao Jiang4  Bradley William Schmitz5  Karina Gin6 
[1] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;Environmental Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong;JHU/Stantec Alliance, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States;NUS Environmental Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore;
关键词: wastewater treatment;    antibiotic resistance genes;    membrane bioreactor;    indicator organisms;    metagenomics;   
DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2019.00172
来源: DOAJ
【 摘 要 】

Reclaimed water provides a water supply alternative to address problems of scarcity in urbanized cities with high living densities and limited natural water resources. In this study, wastewater metagenomes from 6 stages of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) integrating conventional and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment were evaluated for diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacteria, and relative abundance of class 1 integron integrases (intl1). ARGs confering resistance to 12 classes of antibiotics (ARG types) persisted through the treatment stages, which included genes that confer resistance to aminoglycoside [aadA, aph(6)-I, aph(3′)-I, aac(6′)-I, aac(6′)-II, ant(2″)-I], beta-lactams [class A, class C, class D beta-lactamases (blaOXA)], chloramphenicol (acetyltransferase, exporters, floR, cmIA), fosmidomycin (rosAB), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (macAB, ereA, ermFB), multidrug resistance (subunits of transporters), polymyxin (arnA), quinolone (qnrS), rifamycin (arr), sulfonamide (sul1, sul2), and tetracycline (tetM, tetG, tetE, tet36, tet39, tetR, tet43, tetQ, tetX). Although the ARG subtypes in sludge and MBR effluents reduced in diversity relative to the influent, clinically relevant beta lactamases (i.e., blaKPC, blaOXA) were detected, casting light on other potential point sources of ARG dissemination within the wastewater treatment process. To gain a deeper insight into the types of bacteria that may survive the MBR removal process, genome bins were recovered from metagenomic data of MBR effluents. A total of 101 close to complete draft genomes were assembled and annotated to reveal a variety of bacteria bearing metal resistance genes and ARGs in the MBR effluent. Three bins in particular were affiliated to Mycobacterium smegmatis, Acinetobacter Iwoffii, and Flavobacterium psychrophila, and carried aquired ARGs aac(2′)-Ib, blaOXA−278, and tet36 respectively. In terms of indicator organisms, cumulative log removal values (LRV) of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and P. aeruginosa from influent to conventional treated effluent was lower (0–2.4), compared to MBR effluent (5.3–7.4). We conclude that MBR is an effective treatment method for reducing fecal indicators and ARGs; however, incomplete removal of P. aeruginosa in MBR treated effluents (<8 MPN/100 mL) and the presence of ARGs and intl1 underscores the need to establish if further treatment should be applied prior to reuse.

【 授权许可】

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