Diabetes Medication Metformin Inhibits Osteoclast Formation and Activity in In Vitro Models for Periodontitis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Lucy Y. Tao¹  Aleksander M. Grabiec²  Katarzyna B. Łagosz-Ćwik²  Jolanda M.A. Hogervorst³  Tim Forouzanfar⁴  Fridus A. van der Weijden⁵  Ton Schoenmaker⁵  Teun J. de Vries⁵ 

[1] Amsterdam University College, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland;Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands;Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;

关键词: periodontitis;    osteoclasts;    diabetes;    metformin;    peridontal ligament;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcell.2021.777450

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Diabetes and periodontitis are comorbidities and may share common pathways. Several reports indicate that diabetes medication metformin may be beneficial for the periodontal status of periodontitis patients. Further research using appropriate cell systems of the periodontium, the tissue that surrounds teeth may reveal the possible mechanism. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts anchor teeth in bone and play a role in the onset of both alveolar bone formation and degradation, the latter by inducing osteoclast formation from adherent precursor cells. Therefore, a cell model including this type of cells is ideal to study the influence of metformin on both processes. We hypothesize that metformin will enhance bone formation, as described for osteoblasts, whereas the effects of metformin on osteoclast formation is yet undetermined. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of osteogenic medium and 0.2 or 1 mM metformin. The influence of metformin on osteoclast formation was first studied in PDLF cultures supplemented with peripheral blood leukocytes, containing osteoclast precursors. Finally, the effect of metformin on osteoclast precursors was studied in cultures of CD14+ monocytes that were stimulated with M-CSF and receptor activator of Nf-κB ligand (RANKL). No effects of metformin were observed on osteogenesis: not on alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red deposition, nor on the expression of osteogenic markers RUNX-2, Collagen I and Osteonectin. Metformin inhibited osteoclast formation and accordingly downregulated the genes involved in osteoclastogenesis: RANKL, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and osteoclast fusion gene DC-STAMP. Osteoclast formation on both plastic and bone as well as bone resorption was inhibited by metformin in M-CSF and RANKL stimulated monocyte cultures, probably by reduction of RANK expression. The present study unraveling the positive effect of metformin in periodontitis patients at the cellular level, indicates that metformin inhibits osteoclast formation and activity, both when orchestrated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts and in cytokine driven osteoclast formation assays. The results indicate that metformin could have a systemic beneficiary effect on bone by inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity.

【 授权许可】

Unknown