First Survey of Heterobranch Sea Slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Island Sangihe, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Diversity

Dorothee Schillo¹  Heike Wägele¹  Nani Undap¹  Adelfia Papu¹  Fontje Kaligis²  TillF. Schäberle³  Nils Böhringer³  Cora Hertzer⁴  GabrieleM. König⁴  Meita Lepar⁵  FransGruber Ijong⁶ 

[1] Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany;Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia;Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig_University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, 53115 Bonn, Germany;Minaesa Institute of Technology, Tomohon 95439, Indonesia;Politeknik Nusa Utara, Tahuna 95812, Sangihe Islands Regency, Indonesia;

关键词: Sangihe;    North Sulawesi;    Indonesia;    Heterobranchia;    sea slugs;    biodiversity;    monitoring;    tourism;   

DOI  :  10.3390/d11090170

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Indonesia is famous for its underwater biodiversity, which attracts many tourists, especially divers. This is also true for Sangihe Islands Regency, an area composed of several islands in the northern part of North Sulawesi. However, Sangihe Islands Regency is much less known than, e.g., Bunaken National Park (BNP, North Sulawesi). The main island, Sangihe, has recently experienced an increase in tourism and mining activities with potentially high impact on the environment. Recently, monitoring projects began around BNP using marine Heterobranchia as indicators for coral reef health. No information about this taxon exists from the remote islands in North Sulawesi. The present study represents the first monitoring study ever and focuses on marine Heterobranchia around Sangihe. In total, 250 specimens were collected, which could be assigned to Sacoglossa (3), Anthobranchia (19), and Cladobranchia (1). Despite the low number (23 versus 172 in BNP), at least eight species (35%) are not recorded from BNP, probably indicating differences in habitat, but also influence of a strong El Niño year in 2016. Here we also report for the first time a Chromodoris annae specimen mimicking C. elisabethina, and the discovery of a new Phyllidia species.

【 授权许可】

Unknown