New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JohnF. Wambaugh¹  Mark Higuchi²  JohnT. Szilagyi³  AnastasiaN. Freedman³  JuliaE. Rager³  Ilona Jaspers⁴  Jose Zavala⁵ 

[1] Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA;Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA;Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;MedTec Biolab, Inc., Hillsborough, NC 27278, USA;

关键词: air pollution;    in vitro;    inhalation;    mixtures;    new approach methods;    toxicology;    risk assessment;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijerph17062124

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Air pollution consists of highly variable and complex mixtures recognized as major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast number of chemicals, coupled with limitations surrounding epidemiological and animal studies, has necessitated the development of new approach methods (NAMs) to evaluate air pollution toxicity. These alternative approaches include in vitro (cell-based) models, wherein toxicity of test atmospheres can be evaluated with increased efficiency compared to in vivo studies. In vitro exposure systems have recently been developed with the goal of evaluating air pollutant-induced toxicity; though the specific design parameters implemented in these NAMs-based studies remain in flux. This review aims to outline important design parameters to consider when using in vitro methods to evaluate air pollutant toxicity, with the goal of providing increased accuracy, reproducibility, and effectiveness when incorporating in vitro data into human health evaluations. This review is unique in that experimental considerations and lessons learned are provided, as gathered from first-hand experience developing and testing in vitro models coupled to exposure systems. Reviewed design aspects include cell models, cell exposure conditions, exposure chambers, and toxicity endpoints. Strategies are also discussed to incorporate in vitro findings into the context of in vivo toxicity and overall risk assessment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown