Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures

Toxins

Barbara I. Karp¹  Katharine E. Alter² 

[1] Combined Neurosciences IRB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1604, USA;Functional and Applied Biomechanics Section, Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1604, USA;

关键词: botulinum neurotoxin;    botulinum toxin;    chemodenervation;    guidance;    ultrasound;    electrical stimulation;    electromyography;    motor points;    anatomic localization;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins10010018

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Injections of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are prescribed by clinicians for a variety of disorders that cause over-activity of muscles; glands; pain and other structures. Accurately targeting the structure for injection is one of the principle goals when performing BoNTs procedures. Traditionally; injections have been guided by anatomic landmarks; palpation; range of motion; electromyography or electrical stimulation. Ultrasound (US) based imaging based guidance overcomes some of the limitations of traditional techniques. US and/or US combined with traditional guidance techniques is utilized and or recommended by many expert clinicians; authors and in practice guidelines by professional academies. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of available guidance techniques including US as well as technical aspects of US guidance and a focused literature review related to US guidance for chemodenervation procedures including BoNTs injection.

【 授权许可】

Unknown