Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Innate Immune Responses and the Potential Application Value of Toll-Like Receptor Immunomodulators in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Frontiers in Microbiology

Ziyuan Gao¹  Jiayu Dai¹  Yibo Wang¹  Ying Wang¹  Yingying Su²  Shuyou Shi³  Hua Wang³  Hongrui Wang³  Ming Yang³  Mingli Fang³  Peng Zhang⁴ 

[1] College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China;Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, China;Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China;Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    innate immune response;    Toll-like receptor;    immunomodulator;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2022.948770

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to activate innate immune response to clear the invading virus. However, dysregulated immune responses may elicit the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the enhancement of immune-mediated pathology. Therefore, a proper understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TLR-induced immune responses is very important for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 components by TLRs and the downstream signaling pathways that are activated, as well as the dual role of TLRs in regulating antiviral effects and excessive inflammatory responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition, this article describes recent progress in the development of TLR immunomodulators including the agonists and antagonists, as vaccine adjuvants or agents used to treat hyperinflammatory responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

【 授权许可】

Unknown