The Many Faces of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines

Nicholas Hanan¹  In-Woo Park¹  Ronnie L. Doud¹  Harlan P. Jones¹  Stephen O. Mathew¹ 

[1] Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    COVID-19;    innate immunity;    cytokines;   

DOI  :  10.3390/vaccines9060596

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The innate immune system is important for initial antiviral response. SARS-CoV-2 can result in overactivity or suppression of the innate immune system. A dysregulated immune response is associated with poor outcomes; with patients having significant Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratios (NLR) due to neutrophilia alongside lymphopenia. Elevated interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 leads to overactivity and is a prominent feature of severe COVID-19 patients. IL-6 can result in lymphopenia; where COVID-19 patients typically have significantly altered lymphocyte subsets. IL-8 attracts neutrophils; which may play a significant role in lung tissue damage with the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps leading to cytokine storm or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Several factors like pre-existing co-morbidities, genetic risks, viral pathogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy act as important modifiers of SARS-CoV-2 risks for disease through an interplay with innate host inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of the innate immune system at play with other important modifiers in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

【 授权许可】

Unknown