Neutrophils in COVID-19: Not Innocent Bystanders

Frontiers in Immunology

Tim Hurley¹  Nigel J. Stevenson²  Eleanor J. Molloy⁴  Niall Conlon⁶  Clíona Ní Cheallaigh⁷  Mark A. Little⁹  James S. O’Donnell⁹  Ashanty M. Melo^1,11  Johana M. Isaza-Correa^1,11  Ellen McKenna^1,11  Aisling Ui Mhaonaigh^1,12  Richard Wubben^1,13 

[1] 0National Children’s Research Centre, Children’s Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland;1Viral Immunology Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical College of Bahrain, Al Muharraq, Bahrain;2Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland;3Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;Department of Immunology, St James’ Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;Department of Infectious Diseases, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;Discipline of Paediatrics, Dublin Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Dublin, Ireland;Neonatology, Coombe Women and Infant’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;Paediatric Research Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland;Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland;

关键词: neutrophil;    COVID-19;    SARS-CoV-2;    innate immunity;    inflammation;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2022.864387

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Unusually for a viral infection, the immunological phenotype of severe COVID-19 is characterised by a depleted lymphocyte and elevated neutrophil count, with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlating with disease severity. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell in the bloodstream and comprise different subpopulations with pleiotropic actions that are vital for host immunity. Unique neutrophil subpopulations vary in their capacity to mount antimicrobial responses, including NETosis (the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps), degranulation and de novo production of cytokines and chemokines. These processes play a role in antiviral immunity, but may also contribute to the local and systemic tissue damage seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neutrophils also contribute to complications of COVID-19 such as thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem inflammatory disease in children. In this Progress review, we discuss the anti-viral and pathological roles of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 that target neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.

【 授权许可】

Unknown