Semi-Automatic Generation of Training Samples for Detecting Renewable Energy Plants in High-Resolution Aerial Images

Remote Sensing

Maximilian Kleebauer¹  Daniel Horst¹  Christoph Reudenbach² 

[1] Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology, 34119 Kassel, Germany;Environmental Informatics, Faculty of Geography, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany;

关键词: convolutional neural networks;    deep learning;    remote sensing;    object detection;    renewable energy systems;    photovoltaic systems;   

DOI  :  10.3390/rs13234793

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Deep learning (DL)—in particular convolutional neural networks (CNN)—methods are widely spread in object detection and recognition of remote sensing images. In the domain of DL, there is a need for large numbers of training samples. These samples are mostly generated based on manual identification. Identifying and labelling these objects is very time-consuming. The developed approach proposes a partially automated procedure for the sample creation and avoids manual labelling of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. By combining address data of existing rooftop PV systems from the German Plant Register, the Georeferenced Address Data and the Official House Surroundings Germany, a partially automated generation of training samples is achieved. Using a selection of 100,000 automatically generated samples, a network using a RetinaNet-based architecture combining ResNet101, a feature pyramid network, a classification and a regression network is trained, applied on a large area and post-filtered by intersection with additional automatically identified locations of existing rooftop PV systems. Based on a proof-of-concept application, a second network is trained with the filtered selection of approximately 51,000 training samples. In two independent test applications using high-resolution aerial images of Saarland in Germany, buildings with PV systems are detected with a precision of at least 92.77 and a recall of 84.47.

【 授权许可】

Unknown