Apixaban for treatment of confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of literature

Experimental Hematology & Oncology

Sussana Gaikazian¹  Bolanle Gbadamosi¹  Daniel E. Ezekwudo¹  Ishmael Jaiyesimi¹  Rebecca Chacko²  Syeda Batool²  Jo-Ann I. Sheppard³  Theodore E. Warkentin³ 

[1] Department of Hematology and Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine;Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine;Department of Medicine, McMaster University;

关键词: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia;    Serotonin-release assay;    Platelet factor 4;    Direct oral anticoagulants;    Argatroban;    Apixaban;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40164-017-0080-7

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life and limb-threatening condition caused by the binding of platelet-activating antibodies (IgG) to multimolecular platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin complexes because of heparin exposure. The by-product of this interaction is thrombin formation which substantially increases the risk of venous and/or arterial thromboembolism. Currently, only one anticoagulant, argatroban, is United States Food and Drug Administration-approved for management of HIT; however, this agent is expensive and can only be given by intravenous infusion. Recently, several retrospective case-series, case reports, and one prospective study suggest that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are also efficacious for treating HIT. We further review the literature regarding current diagnosis and clinical management of HIT. Case presentation A 66-year-old male patient developed HIT beginning on day 5 post-cardiovascular surgery; the platelet count nadir on day 10 measured 16 × 109/L. Both the PF4-dependent ELISA and Serotonin-release assay were strongly positive. Despite initial anticoagulation with argatroban (day 6), the patient developed symptomatic Doppler ultrasound-documented bilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis on day 14 post-surgery. The patient was transitioned to the DOAC, apixaban, while still thrombocytopenic (platelet count 108) and discharged to home, with platelet count recovery and no further thrombosis at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions We report a patient with serologically confirmed HIT who developed symptomatic bilateral lower limb deep vein thrombosis despite anticoagulation with argatroban. The patient was switched to oral apixaban and made a complete recovery. Our patient case adds to the emerging literature suggesting that DOAC therapy is safe and efficacious for management of proven HIT.

【 授权许可】

Unknown