Exosomes in the Pathogenesis, Progression, and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Bioengineering

Yishu Fan¹  Zhong Li²  Yuchen He³ 

[1] Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;

关键词: osteoarthritis;    exosome;    extracellular vesicle;    regenerative medicine;    chondrocyte;    cartilage injury;   

DOI  :  10.3390/bioengineering9030099

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating age-related joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, synovial membrane inflammation, osteophyte formation, as well as subchondral bone sclerosis. OA drugs at present are mainly palliative and do not halt or reverse disease progression. Currently, no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are available and total joint arthroplasty remains a last resort. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of efficacious treatments for OA management. Among all novel pharmaco-therapeutical options, exosome-based therapeutic strategies are highly promising. Exosome cargoes, which include proteins, lipids, cytokines, and various RNA subtypes, are potentially capable of regulating intercellular communications and gene expression in target cells and tissues involved in OA development. With extensive research in recent years, exosomes in OA studies are no longer limited to classic, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived vesicles. New origins, structures, and functions of exosomes are constantly being discovered and investigated. This review systematically summarizes the non-classic origins, biosynthesis, and extraction of exosomes, describes modification and delivery techniques, explores their role in OA pathogenesis and progression, and discusses their therapeutic potential and hurdles to overcome in OA treatment.

【 授权许可】

Unknown