A Pan-Amazonian species delimitation: high species diversity within the genus Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae)

PeerJ

Richard C. Vogt¹  Juan C. Chaparro²  Marcelo Gordo³  Robson W. Avila⁴  Paulo R. Melo-Sampaio⁵  Antoine Fouquet⁶  Izeni Pires Farias⁷  Rommel R. Rojas⁷  Tomas Hrbek⁷  Vinicius Tadeu de Carvalho⁷  Emil José Hernández-Ruz⁸  Santiago R. Ron⁹  Leandra Cardoso Pinheiro^1,10 

[1] CEQUA, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil;Coleccion de anfibios y reptiles, Museo de la Biodiversidad, Cusco, Peru;Departamento de Biologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil;Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil;Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution et Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens, Centre de recherche de Montabo, Cayenne, French Guiana;Laboratory of Evolution and Animal Genetics, Department of Genetics, ICB, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil;Laboratório de Zoologia, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Pará, Altamira, Para, Brazil;Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil;

关键词: Integrative taxonomy;    Cryptic diversity;    Species delimitation;    Amphibians;    Amazon;   

DOI  :  10.7717/peerj.4941

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Amphibians are probably the most vulnerable group to climate change and climate-change associate diseases. This ongoing biodiversity crisis makes it thus imperative to improve the taxonomy of anurans in biodiverse but understudied areas such as Amazonia. In this study, we applied robust integrative taxonomic methods combining genetic (mitochondrial 16S, 12S and COI genes), morphological and environmental data to delimit species of the genus Amazophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) sampled from throughout their pan-Amazonian distribution. Our study confirms the hypothesis that the species diversity of the genus is grossly underestimated. Our analyses suggest the existence of eighteen linages of which seven are nominal species, three Deep Conspecific Lineages, one Unconfirmed Candidate Species, three Uncategorized Lineages, and four Confirmed Candidate Species and described herein. We also propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus and discuss its implications for historical biogeography of this Amazonian group.

【 授权许可】

Unknown