The Troika Host–Pathogen–Extrinsic Factors in Tuberculosis: Modulating Inflammation and Clinical Outcomes

Frontiers in Immunology

Iñaki Comas¹  Helder Novais Bastos⁴  Nuno S. Osório⁴  Margarida Saraiva⁶  Sebastien Gagneux⁸ 

[1] CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;Department of Pneumology, Centro Hospitalar do São João, Porto, Portugal;ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal;Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain;Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;

关键词: tuberculosis;    genotypic diversity;    immune phenotypes;    severity of disease;    inflammation;    microenvironments;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2017.01948

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The already enormous burden caused by tuberculosis (TB) will be further aggravated by the association of this disease with modern epidemics, as human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes. Furthermore, the increasingly aging population and the wider use of suppressive immune therapies hold the potential to enhance the incidence of TB. New preventive and therapeutic strategies based on recent advances on our understanding of TB are thus needed. In particular, understanding the intricate network of events modulating inflammation in TB will help to build more effective vaccines and host-directed therapies to stop TB. This review integrates the impact of host, pathogen, and extrinsic factors on inflammation and the almost scientifically unexplored complexity emerging from the interactions between these three factors. We highlight the exciting data showing a contribution of this troika for the clinical outcome of TB and the need of incorporating it when developing novel strategies to rewire the immune response in TB.

【 授权许可】

Unknown