Determinants of the Essential Elements and Vitamins Intake and Status during Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study in Polish Mother and Child Cohort

Nutrients

Jolanta Gromadzińska¹  Gemma Calamandrei¹  Wojciech Wąsowicz²  Beata Janasik²  Ewelina Wesołowska³  Wojciech Hanke³  Paweł Kałużny³  Irena Szadkowska-Stańczyk³  Kinga Polańska⁴  Agnieszka Jankowska⁴  Małgorzata Kowalska⁵  Michał Krekora⁶  Dorota Kaleta⁷  Elżbieta Trafalska⁷  Joanna Jerzyńska⁸  Mariusz Grzesiak⁹  Jolanta Dominowska^1,10  Ewa Jabłońska^1,11 

[1] Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy;Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, IInd Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 90-329 Lodz, Poland;Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital” Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;Department of Teaching Midwifery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;

关键词: essential elements;    vitamins;    zinc;    copper;    selenium;    diet;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu13030949

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The study objective was to identify determinants of essential elements and vitamins intake, and microelements and vitamins concentration in blood among pregnant women from Poland. Based on the data from food frequency questionnaires and information about supplements taken (n = 1252), daily supply of six elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium) and nine vitamins (folate, vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12) was calculated. Zinc, copper, selenium (n = 340), vitamin A and E (n = 358) concentration was determined in blood collected during pregnancy. Most of the women did not meet the demand for essential elements and vitamins with a diet. About 94% of the respondents declared supplements use. The women with higher education, indicating leisure-time, physical activity and multiparity had a higher chance of meeting the average demand for the majority of the analyzed nutrients. On the other hand, factors such as BMI < 18.5kg/m², a higher level of stress, and late first medical-care visit were associated with a lower chance of meeting the recommendations. Higher socio-economic status was a determinant of a higher selenium concentration in plasma (β = 3.1; 95%CI: 0.2–5.9), whereas BMI ≥ 25 kg/m², and multiparity of a higher copper concentration in plasma (β = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.03-0.4; β = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1–0.4). Higher plasma concentration of vitamin E was noted among women older than 30 years of age comparing to those who were 30 or younger (β = 1.5; 95%CI: 0.6–2.4). Although more studies are required, especially such based on laboratory measures, our results indicate target groups for dietary interventions during pregnancy for children’s optimal health and development.

【 授权许可】

Unknown