Optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production from beef tallow using calcium oxide as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst

Energy Conversion and Management: X

Ogunjobi Tokunbo Oladapo¹  Aderibigbe Fatai Alade²  Babatunde Esther Olubunmi²  Samuel Ogbeide Ebhodaghe³ 

[1] Corresponding author.;Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ilorin, 1515 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria;Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, 1154 Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria;

关键词: Beef tallow;    Biodiesel;    Calcium oxide catalyst;    Animal fat;    Two-step transesterification;    Catalyst reusability;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Production of biodiesel from beef tallow animal fat has largely remained unexplored. Beef tallow is a low-cost and abundant animal fat, while calcium oxide catalyst is a renewable and highly catalytic material obtained from limestone. Therefore, this study reports on the optimization and kinetic study of biodiesel production using calcium oxide solid catalyst. Several characteristics, were determined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction spectrometry), XRF (X-ray fluorescence), TGA (Thermo-gravimetric analyses), BET (Brunnauer, emmitt and teller analysis) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis. Process variables optimization for biodiesel production were studied using RSM-CCD approach. The R2 values were found to be 0.9592 and 0.9595, which show that the model was significantly fit with the experimental data. Maximum FAME conversion was 72% for the synthesized catalyst under optimum process conditions (the four parameters studied in the acid catalyzed esterification of beef tallow resulted in an optimum FFA of 0.60 at operating conditions of acid catalyst amount of 7.1%, methanol to oil ratio of 9:1, reaction temperature of 60 °C and a reaction time of 96 min. The obtained FFA from the actual experimental data showed a close correlation with the predicted FFA result where a predicted FFA of 0.61 was obtained. Components of FAME present in biodiesel was shown by the GCMS analysis. More research is needed on the effect of agitation speed, pressure of reacting mixtures and effect of alcohol and catalyst on process optimization.

【 授权许可】

Unknown