A Review of ex vivo Elemental Mapping Methods to Directly Image Changes in the Homeostasis of Diffusible Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl–) Within Brain Tissue

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Melinda Fitzgerald¹  Ryusuke Takechi²  Virginie Lam²  M. Jake Pushie³  Michael E. Kelly³  Ramesh Rajan⁴  Wendy Andrews⁶  David Hartnell⁶  Mark J. Hackett⁶  Frederick Colbourne⁸  Erin McAllum⁹  Haibo Jiang^1,11  Nicole Smith^1,11 

[1] 0Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia;1School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;2Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada;Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia;Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada;Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada;Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia;School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia;

关键词: ischemia;    metabolism;    imaging;    XFM;    SIMS;    LA-ICP-MS;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnins.2019.01415

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Diffusible ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl–) are vital for healthy function of all cells, especially brain cells. Unfortunately, the diffusible nature of these ions renders them difficult to study with traditional microscopy in situ within ex vivo brain tissue sections. This mini-review examines the recent progress in the field, using direct elemental mapping techniques to study ion homeostasis during normal brain physiology and pathophysiology, through measurement of ion distribution and concentration in ex vivo brain tissue sections. The mini-review examines the advantages and limitations of specific techniques: proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the sample preparation requirements to study diffusible ions with these methods.

【 授权许可】

Unknown