Epigenetic changes caused by diabetes and their potential role in the development of periodontitis

Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Zhibin Du¹  Yin Xiao¹  Yangheng Zhang²  Jing Zhao²  Xiaoting Xie²  Huifen Liu²  Yanfen Li²  Ziqian Zhou²  Fuhua Yan²  Ryan SB Lee³  Saso Ivanoviski³ 

[1] Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia;Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China;School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia;

关键词: Diabetes mellitus;    Epigenetics;    Periodontal disease;   

DOI  :  10.1111/jdi.13477

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Aims/Introduction Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammation induced by bacteria, is closely linked with diabetes mellitus. Many complications associated with diabetes are related to epigenetic changes. However, the exact epigenetic changes whereby diabetes affects periodontal disease remain largely unknown. Thus, we sought to investigate the role of diabetes‐dependent epigenetic changes of gingival tissue in the susceptibility to periodontal disease. Materials and Methods We studied the effect of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in minipigs on gingival morphological and epigenetic tissue changes. Accordingly, we randomly divided six minipigs into two groups: streptozotocin‐induced diabetes group, n = 3; and non‐diabetes healthy control group, n = 3. After 85 days, all animals were killed, and gingival tissue was collected for histology, deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results A diabetes mellitus model was successfully created, as evidenced by significantly increased blood glucose levels, reduction of pancreatic insulin‐producing β‐cells and histopathological changes in the kidneys. The gingival tissues in the diabetes group presented acanthosis of both gingival squamous epithelium and sulcular/junctional epithelium, and a significant reduction in the number and length of rete pegs. Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis showed a total of 1,163 affected genes, of which 599 and 564 were significantly hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the hypomethylated genes – tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 – were positively expressed under the junctional epithelium area in the diabetes group. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus induces morphological and epigenetic changes in periodontal tissue, which might contribute to the increased susceptibility of periodontal diseases in patients with diabetes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown