Molecular Imaging and Theragnostics of Thyroid Cancers

Cancers

Luca Giovanella¹  Alexis Vrachimis²  Petra Petranovic Ovcaricek³  Desiree’ Deandreis⁴  Alfredo Campenni⁵ 

[1] Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Oncology Center, University Hospital of the European University, Limassol 4108, Cyprus;Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;

关键词: thyroid cancer;    molecular imaging;    theragnostics;    radioiodine;    positron emission tomography;   

DOI  :  10.3390/cancers14051272

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Molecular imaging plays an important role in the evaluation and management of different thyroid cancer histotypes. The existing risk stratification models can be refined, by incorporation of tumor-specific molecular markers that have theranostic power, to optimize patient-specific (individualized) treatment decisions. Molecular imaging with varying radioisotopes of iodine (i.e., ¹³¹I, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I) is an indispensable component of dynamic and theragnostic risk stratification of differentiated carcinoma (DTC) while [¹⁸F]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) helps in addressing disease aggressiveness, detects distant metastases, and risk-stratifies patients with radioiodine-refractory DTC, poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. For medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), a neuroendocrine tumor derived from thyroid C-cells, [¹⁸F]F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (6-[¹⁸F]FDOPA) PET/CT and/or [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT can be used dependent on serum markers levels and kinetics. In addition to radioiodine therapy for DTC, some theragnostic approaches are promising for metastatic MTC as well. Moreover, new redifferentiation strategies are now available to restore uptake in radioiodine-refractory DTC while new theragnostic approaches showed promising preliminary results for advanced and aggressive forms of follicular-cell derived thyroid cancers (i.e., peptide receptor radiotherapy). In order to help clinicians put the role of molecular imaging into perspective, the appropriate role and emerging opportunities for molecular imaging and theragnostics in thyroid cancer are discussed in our present review.

【 授权许可】

Unknown