Nebulization of glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 onset

Advances in Redox Research

Riya Navani¹  Gabriel Ohana Marques Azzini²  Gabriel Silva Santos³  Lucas Furtado da Fonseca⁴  Anna Vitória Santos Duarte Lana⁵  Quézia Souza Rodrigues⁶  Taís Mazzini Setti⁷  Tomas Mosaner⁸  José Fábio Santos Duarte Lana⁹  Claudio Lopes Simplicio^1,10  Thiago Setti^1,11  Annu Navani^1,12 

[1] Corresponding author: IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386 – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba São Paulo, Brazil.;Sports Center, Advisor, Le Reve Regenerative, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3425 S Bascom Ave, Suite 200, Campbell, CA 95008, USA;Biomedical Scientist, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil;;Medical Director, Comprehensive Spine &Medical Student, UniMAX – Centro Universitário Max Planck, 460 Nove de Dezembro Avenue - Jardim Pedroso – Zip code 13343-060, Indaiatuba SP, Brazil;Nurse, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem/The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil;Orthopedics – Sports Medicine – Pain Physician, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil;Orthopedics – Sports Medicine – Pain Physician, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386 – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil;Orthopedics – Sports Medicine – Pain Physician, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem/The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba SP, Brazil;Orthopedics – Sports Medicine – Pain Physician, Indolor - Centro Intervencionista de Controle da Dor, 583 Sul Brasil Avenue – room 406 – Centro – Zip code 89814-210, Maravilha, SC, Brazil;Orthopedics – Sports Medicine – Pain Physician, Orthopaedic Department – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 715 Napoleão de Barros St – Vila Clementino – Zip code 04024-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;Research Student, IOC – Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem / The Bone and Cartilage Institute, 1386 Presidente Kennedy Avenue – 2nd floor, Room 29 – Zip code 13334-170, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil;

关键词: COVID-19;    Oxidative stress;    Nebulization;    Antioxidants;    Glutathione;    N-acetylcysteine;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

ABSTRACT: Ever since its emergence, the highly transmissible and debilitating coronavirus disease spread at an incredibly fast rate, causing global devastation in a matter of months. SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, infects hosts after binding to ACE2 receptors present on cells from many structures pertaining to the respiratory, cardiac, hematological, neurological, renal and gastrointestinal systems. COVID-19, however, appears to trigger a severe cytokine storm syndrome in pulmonary structures, resulting in oxidative stress, exacerbated inflammation and alveolar injury. Due to the recent nature of this disease no treatments have shown complete efficacy and safety. More recently, however, researchers have begun to direct some attention towards GSH and NAC. These natural antioxidants play an essential role in several biological processes in the body, especially the maintenance of the redox equilibrium. In fact, many diseases appear to be strongly related to severe oxidative stress and deficiency of endogenous GSH. The high ratios of ROS over GSH, in particular, appear to reflect severity of symptoms and prolonged hospitalization of COVID-19 patients. This imbalance interferes with the body's ability to detoxify the cellular microenvironment, fold proteins, replenish antioxidant levels, maintain healthy immune responses and even modulate apoptotic events. Oral administration of GSH and NAC is convenient and safe, but they are susceptible to degradation in the digestive tract. Considering this drawback, nebulization of GSH and NAC as an adjuvant therapy may therefore be a viable alternative for the management of the early stages of COVID-19.

【 授权许可】

Unknown