In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride

Toxics

Byung-Il Yoon¹  Jean Yoo²  Ilseob Shim²  Haewon Kim²  SeongKwang Lim²  Yeon-Mi Lim²  Ji-Young Lee²  Pilje Kim²  Ig-Chun Eom²  Seung-Do Yu² 

[1] College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea;

关键词: dodecylguanidine hydrochloride;    guanidine-based chemicals;    inhalation toxicity;    bronchoalveolar lavage;    inflammation;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxics8030076

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The toxicity profiles of the widely used guanidine-based chemicals have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of eight guanidine-based chemicals, focusing on inhalation toxicity. Among the eight chemicals, dodecylguanidine hydrochloride (DGH) was found to be the most cytotoxic (IC₅₀: 0.39 μg/mL), as determined by the water soluble tetrazolium salts (WST) assay. An acute inhalation study for DGH was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats at 8.6 ± 0.41, 21.3 ± 0.83, 68.0 ± 3.46 mg/m³ for low, middle, and high exposure groups, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and cytokines (MIP-2, TGF-β1, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed acute inflammation with necrosis in the nasal cavity and inflammation around terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts in the lungs after DGH inhalation. The LC₅₀ of DGH in rats after exposure for 4 h was estimated to be >68 mg/m³. Results from the inhalation studies showed that DGH was more toxic in male rats than in female rats. Overall, DGH was found to be the most cytotoxic chemical among guanidine-based chemicals. Exposure to aerosols of DGH could induce harmful pulmonary effects on human health.

【 授权许可】

Unknown