Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers

Environment International

Yingjun Wang¹  Boyu Song²  Wei Gao²  Guibin Jiang²  Huifang Zhong³  Lingyi Meng⁴  Yao Lu⁴  Xindong Ma⁴  Yawei Wang⁴  Donghui Ma⁵ 

[1] Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the China, Beijing 100035, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China;

关键词: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS);    Inflow river;    Seawater;    Sea sediment;    Source identification;    Environmental risk assessment;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In this study, the occurrence, distribution, sources, and risk of 29 legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four kinds of environmental matrices in the Bohai Sea were investigated. The ∑PFAS concentrations were in the range of 0.40 ~ 61.4 ng/g dry weight (dw) in inflow river sediments, 0.48 ~ 61.4 ng/g dw in soil near river inflow, 0.37 ~ 4.18 ng/g dw in sea sediments, and 13.3 ~ 718 ng/L in seawater. PFAS with eight carbons accounted for > 62.2% by mass, in all samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS both by mass and occurrence. Seawater from Laizhou Bay (south of the Bohai Sea) and sediments of Liaodong Bay (northeast of the Bohai Sea) had the highest levels of ∑PFAS. The sediment–water partition coefficient and organic carbon content normalized partition coefficient (log Kd and log Koc) were calculated using measured PFAS concentrations to determine their distribution in seawater and sea sediments. The values of log Kd and log Koc values increased with the increasing CF2 units for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Six primary sources were identified in this region, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF), metal plating, food packages, fluorine chemical industry, fluoropolymer manufacture, and domestic pollution. The risk quotient (RQ) values of PFAS were all < 1, indicating that organisms of the Bohai Sea were at low risk of PFAS exposure.

【 授权许可】

Unknown