Development of multi-epitope peptide-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Biomedical Journal

Hui Xuan Lim¹  Seyed Davoud Jazayeri¹  Chit Laa Poh¹  Jianhua Lim¹  Sibrandes Poppema² 

[1] Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia;Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia;

关键词: SARS-CoV-2;    CD4+ T-cell;    CD8+ T-cell;    B-cell;    Epitopes;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic involving so far more than 22 million infections and 776,157 deaths. Effective vaccines are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. No vaccines have yet been approved for licensure by regulatory agencies. Even though host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections are beginning to be unravelled, effective clearance of virus will depend on both humoral and cellular immunity. Additionally, the presence of Spike (S)-glycoprotein reactive CD4+ T-cells in the majority of convalescent patients is consistent with its significant role in stimulating B and CD8+ T-cells. The search for immunodominant epitopes relies on experimental evaluation of peptides representing the epitopes from overlapping peptide libraries which can be costly and labor-intensive. Recent advancements in B- and T-cell epitope predictions by bioinformatic analysis have led to epitope identifications. Assessing which peptide epitope can induce potent neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses is a prerequisite for the selection of effective epitopes to be incorporated in peptide-based vaccines. This review discusses the roles of B- and T-cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and experimental validations for the selection of B-, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes which could lead to the construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine. Peptide-based vaccines are known for their low immunogenicity which could be overcome by incorporating immunostimulatory adjuvants and nanoparticles such as Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) or chitosan.

【 授权许可】

Unknown