A Comparison of Mother’s Milk and the Neonatal Urine Metabolome: A Unique Fingerprinting for Different Nutritional Phenotypes

Metabolites

Vassilios Fanos¹  Angelica Dessì¹  Alice Bosco¹  Michele Mussap¹  Roberta Pintus¹  Flaminia Cesare Marincola²  Sara Corbu²  Alessandra Marzullo³  Rocco Agostino³  Maria Grazia Pattumelli³ 

[1] Departement of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;Ospedale San Giovanni Calibita, Fatebenefratelli, 00186 Roma, Italy;

关键词: maternal milk;    metabolomics;    human milk oligosaccharides;    urine metabolome;    milk metabolome;   

DOI  :  10.3390/metabo12020113

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The ability of metabolomics to provide a snapshot of an individual’s metabolic state makes it a very useful technique in neonatology for investigating the complex relationship between nutrition and the state of health of the newborn. Through an ¹H-NMR metabolomics analysis, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of newborns by analyzing both urine and milk samples in relation to the birth weight of neonates classified as AGA (adequate for the gestational age, n = 51), IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction, n = 14), and LGA (large for gestational age, n = 15). Samples were collected at 7 ± 2 days after delivery. Of these infants, 42 were exclusively breastfed, while 38 received mixed feeding with a variable amount of commercial infant formula (less than 40%) in addition to breast milk. We observed a urinary spectral pattern for oligosaccharides very close to that of the corresponding mother’s milk in the case of exclusively breastfed infants, thus mirroring the maternal phenotype. The absence of this good match between the infant urine and human milk spectra in the case of mixed-fed infants could be reasonably ascribed to the use of a variable amount of commercial infant formulas (under 40%) added to breast milk. Furthermore, our findings did not evidence any significant differences in the spectral profiles in terms of the neonatal customize centile, i.e., AGA (adequate for gestational age), LGA (large for gestational age), or IGUR (intrauterine growth restriction). It is reasonable to assume that maternal human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) production is not or is only minimally influenced by the fetal growth conditions for unknown reasons. This hypothesis may be supported by our metabolomics-based results, confirming once again the importance of this approach in the neonatal field.

【 授权许可】

Unknown