NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Intracranial Aneurysm and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Does Autophagy Play a Role?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Paulina Tokarz¹  Janusz Blasiak¹  Karol Wisniewski²  DariuszJ. Jaskólski²  Elzbieta Pawlowska³  Joanna Szczepanska⁴ 

[1] Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland;Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;

关键词: intracranial aneurysm;    subarachnoid hemorrhage;    inflammation;    NF-κB;    autophagy;    early brain injury;    delayed brain injury;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms19041245

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

The rupture of saccular intracranial aneurysms (IA) is the commonest cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)—the most serious form of stroke with a high mortality rate. Aneurysm walls are usually characterized by an active inflammatory response, and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) has been identified as the main transcription factor regulating the induction of inflammation-related genes in IA lesions. This transcription factor has also been related to IA rupture and resulting SAH. We and others have shown that autophagy interacts with inflammation in many diseases, but there is no information of such interplay in IA. Moreover, NF-κB, which is a pivotal factor controlling inflammation, is regulated by autophagy-related proteins, and autophagy is regulated by NF-κB signaling. It was also shown that autophagy mediates the normal functioning of vessels, so its disturbance can be associated with vessel-related disorders. Early brain injury, delayed brain injury, and associated cerebral vasospasm are among the most serious consequences of IA rupture and are associated with impaired function of the autophagy–lysosomal system. Further studies on the role of the interplay between autophagy and NF-κB-mediated inflammation in IA can help to better understand IA pathogenesis and to identify IA patients with an increased SAH risk.

【 授权许可】

Unknown