Production of β-Cyclocitral and Its Precursor β-Carotene in Microcystis aeruginosa: Variation at Population and Single-Cell Levels

Toxins

Xuejian Wang¹  Delin Hou¹  Yinjie Zhu¹  Yi Tao¹  Fei Teng²  Zhonghua Cai³ 

[1] Groundwater Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) of Shenzhen, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;

关键词: cyanobacteria;    Microcystis aeruginosa;    β-cyclocitral;    growth phase;    cellular quota;    β-carotene;   

DOI  :  10.3390/toxins14030201

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Bloom-forming cyanobacteria produce and release odorous compounds and pose threats to the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystem and to the drinking water supply. In this study, the concentrations of β-cyclocitral in different bacterial growth phases were investigated using GC–MS to determine the growth stage of Microcystis aeruginosa at high risk for β-cyclocitral production. Moreover, the synchronicity of the production of β-cyclocitral and its precursor β-carotene at both population and single-cell levels was assessed. The results indicated that β-cyclocitral was the main odorous compound produced by M. aeruginosa cells. The intracellular concentration of β-cyclocitral (C_β-cc) as well as its cellular quota (Q_β-cc) increased synchronously in the log phase, along with the increase of cell density. However, they reached the maximum values of 415 μg/L and 10.7 fg/cell in the late stationary phase and early stationary phase, respectively. The early stage of the stationary phase is more important for β-cyclocitral monitoring, and the sharp increase in Q_β-cc is valuable for anticipating the subsequent increase in C_β-cc. The molar concentrations of β-cyclocitral and β-carotene showed a linear relationship, with an R² value of 0.92, suggesting that the production of β-cyclocitral was linearly dependent on that of β-carotene, especially during the log phase. However, the increase in Q_β-cc was slower than that in β-carotene during the stationary phase, suggesting that β-cyclocitral production turned to be carotene oxygenase-limited when the growth rate decreased. These results demonstrate that variations of β-cyclocitral production on a single-cell level during different bacterial growth phases should be given serious consideration when monitoring and controlling the production of odorous compounds by M. aeruginosa blooms.

【 授权许可】

Unknown