New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Luis M Teran¹  Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas¹  Miguel Angel Galván Morales¹  Juan Carlos Vizuet-de-Rueda¹ 

[1] Department of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;

关键词: allergy;    PD-1;    PD-L1;    PD-L2;    asthma;    BTLA;   

DOI  :  10.3390/ijms222111898

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are receptors that act in co-stimulatory and coinhibitory immune responses. Signaling the PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2 pathway is essential to regulate the inflammatory responses to infections, autoimmunity, and allergies, and it has been extensively studied in cancer. Allergic diseases include asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis. These overactive immune responses involve IgE-dependent activation and increased CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown that PD-L1 and PD-L2 act to regulate T-cell activation and function. However, the main role of PD-1 and its ligands is to balance the immune response; however, the inflammatory process of allergic diseases is poorly understood. These immune checkpoint molecules can function as a brake or a kick-start to regulate the adaptive immune response. These findings suggest that PD-1 and its ligands may be a key factor in studying the exaggerated response in hypersensitivity reactions in allergies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and PD-L2 pathway regulation in allergic diseases and how this immunomodulatory pathway is currently being targeted to develop novel therapeutic immunotherapy.

【 授权许可】

Unknown