Omics Approaches to Study Formation and Function of Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Stephen J. Renaud¹  Adam Jaremek²  Gargi Jaju Bhattad²  Mariyan J. Jeyarajah² 

[1] Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada;Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada;

关键词: pregnancy;    placenta;    trophoblast;    syncytiotrophoblast;    omics;    cell models;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fcell.2021.674162

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Proper development of the placenta is vital for pregnancy success. The placenta regulates exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and produces hormones essential to maintain pregnancy. The placental cell lineage primarily responsible for performing these functions is a multinucleated entity called syncytiotrophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast is continuously replenished throughout pregnancy by fusion of underlying progenitor cells called cytotrophoblasts. Dysregulated syncytiotrophoblast formation disrupts the integrity of the placental exchange surface, which can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Moreover, various factors produced by syncytiotrophoblast enter into maternal circulation, where they profoundly impact maternal physiology and are promising diagnostic indicators of pregnancy health. Despite the multifunctional importance of syncytiotrophoblast for pregnancy success, there is still much to learn about how its formation is regulated in normal and diseased states. ‘Omics’ approaches are gaining traction in many fields to provide a more holistic perspective of cell, tissue, and organ function. Herein, we review human syncytiotrophoblast development and current model systems used for its study, discuss how ‘omics’ strategies have been used to provide multidimensional insights into its formation and function, and highlight limitations of current platforms as well as consider future avenues for exploration.

【 授权许可】

Unknown