Seasonal dynamics and starvation impact on the gut microbiome of urochordate ascidian Halocynthia roretzi

Animal Microbiome

Zigui Chen¹  Jiankai Wei²  Yang Yang²  Haiyan Yu²  Haiming Liu²  Bo Dong²  Hongwei Gao³ 

[1] Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong;Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China;Technology Center of Qingdao Customs;

关键词: Ascidian;    Gut microbiome;    Metabolites;    Starvation stress;    Environmental adaptation;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s42523-020-00048-2

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Background Gut microbiota plays important roles in host animal metabolism, homeostasis and environmental adaptation. However, the interplay between the gut microbiome and urochordate ascidian, the most closet relative of vertebrate, remains less explored. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of urochordate ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) across the changes of season and starvation stress using a comprehensive set of omic approaches including 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, metabolomic profiling, and transcriptome sequencing. Results The 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling revealed that ascidians harbor indigenous gut microbiota distinctly different to the marine microbial community and significant variations in composition and abundance of gut bacteria, with predominant bacterial orders representing each season. Depressed alpha-diversities of gut microbiota were observed across starvation stress when compared to the communities in aquafarm condition. Synechococcales involving photosynthesis and its related biosynthesis was reduced in abundance while the enrichments of Xanthomonadales and Legionellales may facilitate bile acid biosynthesis during starvation. Metabolomics analysis found that long chain fatty acids, linolenic acid, cyanoamino acid, and pigments derived from gut bacteria were upregulated, suggesting a beneficial contribution of the gut microbiome to the ascidian under starvation stress. Conclusions Our findings revealed seasonal variation of ascidian gut microbiota. Defense and energy-associated metabolites derived from gut microbiome may provide an adaptive interplay between gut microbiome and ascidian host that maintains a beneficial metabolic system across season and starvation stress. The diversity-generating metabolisms from both microbiota and host might lead to the co-evolution and environmental adaptation. Graphical Abstract

【 授权许可】

Unknown