The Biological Traumatization of Crops Due to the Enzyme Stage of Enzyme-Mycotic Seed Depletion

Pathogens

Sulukhan K. Temirbekova¹  Irina Sardarova¹  Mukhtar Z. Ashirbekov²  Dmitry E. Kucher³  Nazih Y. Rebouh³  Ivan M. Kulikov⁴  Yuliya V. Afanasyeva⁴  Natalia E. Ionova⁵  Elena A. Kalashnikova⁶  Marat Sh. Begeulov⁶  Olga O. Beloshapkina⁶ 

[1] All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshye Vyazyomy, Odintsovo District, 143050 Moscow, Russia;Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Manash Kozybaev North Kazakhstan University, 150000 Petropavlovsk, Russia;Department of Environmental Management, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia;Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, 115598 Moscow, Russia;Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, 127550 Moscow, Russia;

关键词: fungal pathogens;    germination;    VIR gene pool;    wheat;   

DOI  :  10.3390/pathogens11030376

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

In the light of Vavilov’s Law, grain traumatization in the standing crop of wheat and other crops due to the enzyme stage of enzyme-mycotic seed depletion (EMSD) was confirmed, the parameters of open and hidden harmfulness were detected, and a scale of plant resistance to such traumatization was developed. The current study demonstrates that pathogen contamination in grains occurs before harvesting and its degree is determined by favorable humidity and temperature conditions and by the open and hidden grain traumatization due to the enzyme stage of EMSD, i.e., the grain’s hydrolytic enzymes providing a growth substrate for a fungal spread that is later substituted by pathogen enzymes leading to grain spoiling and self-warming. The most common technique to preserve grain quality is to support a moisture level that prevents further spreading of the fungi. The grains that are contaminated with very low temperature and humidity levels facilitate the germinability and high quality of the grain. The new ways to withstand EMSD should, first of all, include a selection of activities. Using biological, biochemical and physical (X-ray) methods, genetic sources of resistance towards EMSD were found in the VIR world collection that is recommended for further selection. These sources have become a basis for the varieties, such as Moskovskaya 39, Ilot (winter wheat), Gremme and Gremme 2U (hulless spelt), Alcoran (winter spelt) and Kanysh (spring wheat).

【 授权许可】

Unknown