Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Toshihide Yamashita²  Yuki Fujita³ 

[1] Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan;Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan;WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan;

关键词: sirtuin;    SIRT1;    central nervous system;    axon degeneration;    neuronal development;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnins.2018.00778

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Sirtuin was originally studied as the lifespan-extending gene, silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) in budding yeast. There are seven mammalian homologs of sirtuin (SIRT1–7), and SIRT1 is the closest homolog to SIRT2. SIRT1 modulates various key targets via deacetylation. In addition to histones, these targets include transcription factors, such as forkhead box O (FOXO), Ku70, p53, NF-κB, PPAR-gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). SIRT1 has many biological functions, including aging, cell survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Genetic and physiological analyses in animal models have shown beneficial roles for SIRT1 in the brain during both development and adulthood. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that SIRT1 regulates the cellular fate of neural progenitors, axon elongation, dendritic branching, synaptic plasticity, and endocrine function. In addition to its importance in physiological processes, SIRT1 has also been implicated in protection of neurons from degeneration in models of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we focus on the role of SIRT1 in the neuroendocrine system and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the sirtuin pathway.

【 授权许可】

Unknown