Emission Abatement Technology Selection, Routing and Speed Optimization of Hybrid Ships

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Janne Huotari¹  Kari Tammi¹  Antti Ritari¹  Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi²  Seppo Niemi² 

[1] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, Otakaari 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland;School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Wolffintie 34, 65200 Vaasa, Finland;

关键词: optimization;    mathematical programming;    ship design;    emission abatement;    hybrid propulsion;    speed optimization;   

DOI  :  10.3390/jmse9090944

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

This paper evaluates the effect of a large-capacity electrical energy storage, e.g., Li-ion battery, on optimal sailing routes, speeds, fuel choice, and emission abatement technology selection. Despite rapid cost reduction and performance improvement, current Li-ion chemistries are infeasible for providing the total energy demand for ocean-crossing ships because the energy density is up to two orders of magnitude less than in liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, limited distance zero-emission port arrival, mooring, and port departure are attainable. In this context, we formulate two groups of numerical problems. First, the well-known Emission Control Area (ECA) routing problem is extended with battery-powered zero-emission legs. ECAs have incentivized ship operators to choose longer distance routes to avoid using expensive low sulfur fuel required for compliance, resulting in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The second problem evaluates the trade-off between battery capacity and speed on battery-powered zero-emission port arrival and departure legs. We develop a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program to investigate the least cost system configuration and operation. We find that the optimal speed is up to 50% slower on battery-powered legs compared to the baseline without zero-emission constraint. The slower speed on the zero-emission legs is compensated by higher speed throughout the rest of the voyage, which may increase the total amount of GHG emissions.

【 授权许可】

Unknown