A 72 × 60 Angle-Sensitive SPAD Imaging Array for Lens-less FLIM

Sensors

Ben Johnson¹  Alyosha Molnar¹  Changhyuk Lee¹  TaeSung Jung¹ 

[1] School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;

关键词: CMOS avalanche photodiodes;    highly sensitivity photodetectors;    fluorescence imaging;    photon timing;    rangefinder;    single photon detectors;    SPAD arrays;    time-correlated measurements;    3-D image sensor;    lifetime microscopy;    low power imaging;    point-of-care;    lab-on-chip;    in-vitro;    exponential decay;    fill-factor;    SPAD;    photo-detector;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s16091422

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

We present a 72 × 60, angle-sensitive single photon avalanche diode (A-SPAD) array for lens-less 3D fluorescence lifetime imaging. An A-SPAD pixel consists of (1) a SPAD to provide precise photon arrival time where a time-resolved operation is utilized to avoid stimulus-induced saturation, and (2) integrated diffraction gratings on top of the SPAD to extract incident angles of the incoming light. The combination enables mapping of fluorescent sources with different lifetimes in 3D space down to micrometer scale. Futhermore, the chip presented herein integrates pixel-level counters to reduce output data-rate and to enable a precise timing control. The array is implemented in standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and characterized without any post-processing.

【 授权许可】

Unknown