State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production

Energies

OscarAbel Luévano-Rivas¹  OmarUriel Valdés-Martínez²  VíctorAlejandro Suárez-Toriello²  JesúsAndrés Tavizón-Pozos³  CarlosEduardo Santolalla-Vargas⁴  Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel⁵  Alfonso Talavera-López⁶  JoseAntonio Rodriguez⁷ 

[1] [e-mail];C. CONACYT-CIATEC, Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Industrial Delta, 37545 León, Guanajuato, Mexico;Cátedras CONACYT-Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico;Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico;Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, Azcapotzalco. C.P. 02200 Ciudad de México, Mexico;Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 86, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ª Secc., Iztapalapa, C.P. 09310 Ciudad de México, Mexico;Unidad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carr. A Guadalajara km 6, Ejido la Escondida, C.P. 98160, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico;

关键词: biodiesel;    alkaline-earth metals;    heterogeneous catalysts;    transesterification;    basicity;    operation conditions;   

DOI  :  10.3390/en14041031

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.

【 授权许可】

Unknown