Structure and Effects of Cyanobacterial Lipopolysaccharides

Marine Drugs

Maria Batool¹  Sangdun Choi¹  Prasannavenkatesh Durai¹ 

[1] Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea;

关键词: LPS;    endotoxin;    cyanobacteria;    cyanotoxin;    TLR;    lipid A;    sepsis;   

DOI  :  10.3390/md13074217

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of mainlyGram-negative bacteria and cyanobacteria. The LPS molecules from marine and terrestrial bacteria show structural variations, even among strains within the same species living in the same environment. Cyanobacterial LPS has a unique structure, since it lacks heptose and3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (also known as keto-deoxyoctulosonate (KDO)), which are present in the core region of common Gram-negative LPS. In addition, the cyanobacterial lipid A region lacks phosphates and contains odd-chain hydroxylated fatty acids. While the role of Gram-negative lipid A in the regulation of the innate immune response throughToll-like Receptor (TLR) 4 signaling is well characterized, the role of the structurally different cyanobacterial lipid A in TLR4 signaling is not well understood. The uncontrolled inflammatory response of TLR4 leads to autoimmune diseases such as sepsis, and thus the less virulent marine cyanobacterial LPS molecules can be effective to inhibit TLR4 signaling. This review highlights the structural comparison of LPS molecules from marine cyanobacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. We discuss the potential use of marine cyanobacterial LPS as a TLR4 antagonist, and the effects of cyanobacterial LPS on humans and marine organisms.

【 授权许可】

Unknown