Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18–90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey

Nutrients

Janette Walton¹  Eoin Morrissey¹  Miriam Giltinan²  Albert Flynn²  Laura Kehoe²  AnneP. Nugent³  BreigeA. McNulty³ 

[1] Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12928 Cork, Ireland;School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;

关键词: sodium;    salt;    potassium;    sodium to potassium ratio;    hypertension;   

DOI  :  10.3390/nu12040938

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

An individual’s sodium to potassium intake ratio (Na:K) has been shown to be an important predictor of hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean 24 h urinary Na, K and Na:K of Irish adults and to identify the foods that determine Na:K in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. This study was based on data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010) (NANS), which collected spot urine samples and dietary data in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18+ years. The mean urinary molar Na:K of Irish men and women was 1.90 and 2.15, respectively, which exceed target molar ratios of ≤1.0 and ≤2.0. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na was 4631 mg for men and 3525 mg for women, which exceed target maximum population intakes for all gender and age groups. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of K was 3894 mg for men and 2686 mg for women, with intakes in women of all ages and older men (65+ years) below current recommendations. The key foods positively associated with a lower Na:K were fruits, vegetables, potatoes, breakfast cereals, milk, yogurt and fresh meat, while the foods negatively associated with a lower Na:K were breads, cured and processed meats and butters and fat spreads. Strategies to reduce sodium and increase potassium intakes are necessary to lower population Na:K, which may help to reduce the burden of hypertension-related diseases in the Irish population.

【 授权许可】

Unknown