Biochar and Its Effects on Plant–Soil Macronutrient Cycling during a Three-Year Field Trial on Sandy Soil with Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Part I: Yield and Macro Element Content in Soil and Plant Biomass

Agronomy

Andrzej Żabiński¹  Urszula Sadowska¹  Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz² 

[1] Department of Machinery Exploitation, Ergonomics and Production Processes, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Łupaszki 6, 30-198 Kraków, Poland;Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland;

关键词: aboveground biomass;    soil mineral nitrogen;    available nutrients;    yield;    ammonium nitrate;    phosphate;   

DOI  :  10.3390/agronomy10121950

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Pyrolyzed organic residues can be incorporated as a soil additive to improve their properties, crop productivity, or to increase retention or absorption of different compounds. However, in agronomy, the practice of biochar application is still under examination. The interactions between plant, soil, and biochar can be complex, and determines the agronomic effects obtained. A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of biochar addition and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass productivity and nutrient uptake of Mentha piperita L. The experiment was conducted with a three-factorial design in triplicate at N fertilizer rates of 75, 100, and 125 kg N ha⁻¹ and biochar rates of 0, 5, 15, and 45 t ha⁻¹. Commercial wood-based biochar produced at 650 °C was incorporated into sandy soil in 2017. Generally, our results demonstrated potential for treating a sandy soil, since biochar improved the nutrient availability for peppermint. However, on average, during a three-year mint-yielding period, no significant effect of the applied dose of biochar on this parameter was found. Significantly more soluble Ca, K, and SO₄-S was found in the soil amended with biochar as compared with the control soil. Biochar, in doses of 15 and 45 t ha⁻¹, increased the NH₄-N concentration in the soil in the second and third year of the study, as well as NO₃-N in 2018. The greatest amount of N and P was contained in the peppermint biomass after using 15 and 45 t biochar ha⁻¹. The highest dose of biochar (45 t ha⁻¹) also increased the contents of K and S in plants. Nitrogen fertilization increased the dry matter yield of peppermint on the harvest sampling dates. The N content in the mint increased proportionally to the nitrogen dose in fertilization, regardless of the biochar dose applied. The use of biochar in doses of 15 and 45 t ha⁻¹ in coarse-textured soil contributed to increased use of nitrogen by plants after nitrogen fertilization at doses of 100 and 125 kg N ha⁻¹. These findings suggest that the time-dependent responses of soil to biochar amendment are strongly influenced by plant, microbial, and soil feedback; if so, then practical long-term biochar effectiveness requires further study.

【 授权许可】

Unknown