4-Hexylresorcinol Exhibits Different Characteristics to Estrogen

Applied Sciences

Umberto Garagiola¹  Dae-Won Kim²  Ji-Hyeon Oh³  Seong-Gon Kim³  Yei-Jin Kang³  Hyun Seok⁴  Je-Yong Choi⁵  You-Young Jo⁶ 

[1] Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Korea;Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;

关键词: 4-hexylresorcinol;    estrogen;    breast cancer;    bisphenol a;    estrogen receptor;    prolactin;   

DOI  :  10.3390/app10051737

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been used as a food additive and antiseptic. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the application of 4HR in breast cancer cells and ovariectomized rats showed estrogen-like effects. MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells were treated by solvent, 1−100 µM bisphenol-A (BPA), or 1−100 µM 4HR, respectively. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Western blot for extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/-2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), estrogen receptor-α (ERα), and ERβ were done. As an in vivo study, ovariectomized rats (n = 15) received solvent, 125 mg/kg of 4HR, or 10 µg of 17-β estradiol via daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days. Blood samples were obtained for evaluation of prolactin levels. Pituitary glands and uteruses were biopsied for histological evaluation and Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the application of 4HR decreased the proliferation of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, while the application of BPA increased (p < 0.05). The application of BPA increased the expression of ERα, ERβ, and p-ERK1/2, but 4HR did not change the expression of ERα, ERβ, or p-ERK1/2 in MCF-7 cells. In an animal model, the 4HR group showed similar levels of ERα, ERβ, and prolactin expression in the pituitary gland compared to the solvent only group, while the estradiol group showed higher levels. Serum prolactin levels were similar between the 4HR and solvent only groups. Taken together, 1−100 µM 4HR did not show BPA-like behavior in MCF-7 cells, and 125 mg/kg of 4HR daily subcutaneous injection for 7 days did not demonstrate estradiol-like effects in ovariectomized rats. Collectively, 4HR has no estrogen-like effects on both ERα-positive cells and estrogen-deficient rat models.

【 授权许可】

Unknown