Machine Learning and Radiogenomics: Lessons Learned and Future Directions

Frontiers in Oncology

Seyoung Kim¹  Russell Schwartz²  Barry S. Rosenstein³  Jung Hun Oh⁴  Sangkyu Lee⁴  Jacob G. Scott⁵  Sarah L. Kerns⁷  John Kang⁷  Tiziana Rancati⁹ 

[1] Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States;Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States;Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States;Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States;Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States;Prostate Cancer Program, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy;

关键词: statistical genetics and genomics;    radiation oncology;    computational genomics;    precision oncology;    machine learning in radiation oncology;    big data;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fonc.2018.00228

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Due to the rapid increase in the availability of patient data, there is significant interest in precision medicine that could facilitate the development of a personalized treatment plan for each patient on an individual basis. Radiation oncology is particularly suited for predictive machine learning (ML) models due to the enormous amount of diagnostic data used as input and therapeutic data generated as output. An emerging field in precision radiation oncology that can take advantage of ML approaches is radiogenomics, which is the study of the impact of genomic variations on the sensitivity of normal and tumor tissue to radiation. Currently, patients undergoing radiotherapy are treated using uniform dose constraints specific to the tumor and surrounding normal tissues. This is suboptimal in many ways. First, the dose that can be delivered to the target volume may be insufficient for control but is constrained by the surrounding normal tissue, as dose escalation can lead to significant morbidity and rare. Second, two patients with nearly identical dose distributions can have substantially different acute and late toxicities, resulting in lengthy treatment breaks and suboptimal control, or chronic morbidities leading to poor quality of life. Despite significant advances in radiogenomics, the magnitude of the genetic contribution to radiation response far exceeds our current understanding of individual risk variants. In the field of genomics, ML methods are being used to extract harder-to-detect knowledge, but these methods have yet to fully penetrate radiogenomics. Hence, the goal of this publication is to provide an overview of ML as it applies to radiogenomics. We begin with a brief history of radiogenomics and its relationship to precision medicine. We then introduce ML and compare it to statistical hypothesis testing to reflect on shared lessons and to avoid common pitfalls. Current ML approaches to genome-wide association studies are examined. The application of ML specifically to radiogenomics is next presented. We end with important lessons for the proper integration of ML into radiogenomics.

【 授权许可】

Unknown