Advances in the Understanding of Skin Cancer: Ultraviolet Radiation, Mutations, and Antisense Oligonucleotides as Anticancer Drugs

Molecules

VadimV. Kumeiko¹  NikitaA. Shved¹  AndreyS. Esin²  MikhailV. Gorlov²  MikhailE. Volkov³  TatianaP. Makalish⁴  IrynaI. Fomochkina⁴  KaterynaV. Laikova⁴  EvgeniyaY. Bessalova⁴  AnatolyV. Kubyshkin⁴  ZenureZ. Temirova⁴  RefatZ. Useinov⁵  VolodymyrV. Oberemok⁵  IlyaA. Novikov⁵  AlisaM. Krasnodubets⁵  NikitaV. Gal’chinsky⁵ 

[1] Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova St. 8, 690090 Vladivostok, Russia;D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;Ltd “NPF Syntol”, Timiryazevskaya St. 42, 127434 Moscow, Russia;Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Boulevard 5/7, 295051 Simferopol, Crimea;Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Av. 4, 295007 Simferopol, Crimea;

关键词: melanoma;    basal cell carcinoma;    squamous cell carcinoma;    Merkel cell carcinoma;    dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans;    ultraviolet radiation;    mutations;    skin;    antisense oligonucleotides;   

DOI  :  10.3390/molecules24081516

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Skin cancer has always been and remains the leader among all tumors in terms of occurrence. One of the main factors responsible for skin cancer, natural and artificial UV radiation, causes the mutations that transform healthy cells into cancer cells. These mutations inactivate apoptosis, an event required to avoid the malignant transformation of healthy cells. Among these deadliest of cancers, melanoma and its ‘younger sister’, Merkel cell carcinoma, are the most lethal. The heavy toll of skin cancers stems from their rapid progression and the fact that they metastasize easily. Added to this is the difficulty in determining reliable margins when excising tumors and the lack of effective chemotherapy. Possibly the biggest problem posed by skin cancer is reliably detecting the extent to which cancer cells have spread throughout the body. The initial tumor is visible and can be removed, whereas metastases are invisible to the naked eye and much harder to eliminate. In our opinion, antisense oligonucleotides, which can be used in the form of targeted ointments, provide real hope as a treatment that will eliminate cancer cells near the tumor focus both before and after surgery.

【 授权许可】

Unknown