Phthalate mixtures in pregnancy, autistic traits, and adverse childhood behavioral outcomes

Environment International

Brent R. Collett¹  Nicole R. Bush²  Emily S. Barrett³  Drew B. Day³  Ruby H.N. Nguyen⁴  Adam A. Szpiro⁵  Sheela Sathyanarayana⁶  Shanna H. Swan⁷ 

[1] Corresponding author at: 1920 Terry Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.;Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;Center for Health and Community, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 E. 102nd Street, CAM Building, 3 West, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA;Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;

关键词: Phthalates;    Autism;    Child behavior;    Mixture effects;    Prenatal exposure;    Externalizing behavior;   

DOI  :  

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Background: Prenatal exposure to multiple phthalates is ubiquitous, and yet few studies have evaluated these exposures as a mixture in relation to child autistic traits and behavioral problems. Objectives: To assess cumulative associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and child behaviors, including effect modification by exposure timing and child sex. Methods: Analyses included 501 mother/child pairs from the multicenter pregnancy cohort The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES). Nine maternal urinary phthalate metabolites were measured in early and late pregnancy, and behavior was assessed at ages 4–5 years using composite T scores for the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2), which measures several dimensions of child behavior, and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), which measures social impairment consistent with autistic traits. We utilized weighted quantile sum (WQS) regressions to examine pregnancy period-specific associations between phthalate mixtures and behavioral outcomes. Full-sample 95% WQS confidence intervals are known to be anti-conservative, so we calculated a confirmatory p-value using a permutation test. Effect modification by sex was examined with stratified analyses. Results: A one-quintile increase in the early pregnancy phthalate mixture was associated with increased SRS-2 total score (coefficient = 1.0, confirmatory p = 0.01) and worse adaptive skills (coefficient = −1.0, confirmatory p = 0.06) in both sexes. In sex-stratified analyses, the early pregnancy phthalate mixture was associated with increased SRS-2 total score in boys (coefficient = 1.2, confirmatory p = 0.04) and girls (coefficient = 1.0, confirmatory p = 0.10) and worse BASC-2 adaptive skills score in girls (coefficient = −1.5, confirmatory p = 0.06), while the late pregnancy phthalate mixture was associated with increased BASC-2 externalizing score in boys (coefficient = 1.3, confirmatory p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our results suggest cumulative adverse associations between prenatal phthalate mixtures and multiple facets of childhood behavior.

【 授权许可】

Unknown