Field-Portable Microplastic Sensing in Aqueous Environments: A Perspective on Emerging Techniques

Sensors

AnnaP. M. Michel¹  SheilaS. Hemami²  ViennaL. Mott³  HarryL. Allen⁴  Anna-Marie Cook⁵  BeckettC. Colson⁶  MorganG. Blevins⁶  WilliamM. Robberson⁷  KennethA. Markoski⁸  Patricia Swierk⁸  AvaA. LaRocca⁸  JoseA. Santos⁸  MelissaM. Sprachman⁸  LouisB. Kratchman⁸  Steven Tate⁸  Peter Miraglia⁸  MarkF. Witinski⁸  Joseph Hollmann⁸  Ernest Kim⁸  AlexandraZ. Greenbaum⁸ 

[1] Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;Draper, Bioengineering Division, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;Emergency Response Office, Superfund Division, U.S. EPA Region 9, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA;Kamilo, Inc., Former U.S. EPA Region 9, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA;MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science & Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;Ocean P3 Systems, Former U.S. EPA Region 9, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA;The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;

关键词: microplastics;    plastic pollution;    sensors;    analytical chemistry;    environment;    water;   

DOI  :  10.3390/s21103532

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Microplastics (MPs) have been found in aqueous environments ranging from rural ponds and lakes to the deep ocean. Despite the ubiquity of MPs, our ability to characterize MPs in the environment is limited by the lack of technologies for rapidly and accurately identifying and quantifying MPs. Although standards exist for MP sample collection and preparation, methods of MP analysis vary considerably and produce data with a broad range of data content and quality. The need for extensive analysis-specific sample preparation in current technology approaches has hindered the emergence of a single technique which can operate on aqueous samples in the field, rather than on dried laboratory preparations. In this perspective, we consider MP measurement technologies with a focus on both their eventual field-deployability and their respective data products (e.g., MP particle count, size, and/or polymer type). We present preliminary demonstrations of several prospective MP measurement techniques, with an eye towards developing a solution or solutions that can transition from the laboratory to the field. Specifically, experimental results are presented from multiple prototype systems that measure various physical properties of MPs: pyrolysis-differential mobility spectroscopy, short-wave infrared imaging, aqueous Nile Red labeling and counting, acoustophoresis, ultrasound, impedance spectroscopy, and dielectrophoresis.

【 授权许可】

Unknown