Programmed Cell Death-Dependent Host Defense in Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Frontiers in Microbiology

Edward S. Mocarski¹  Hongyan Guo²  Richard D. Dix³  Heather S. Koehler⁴ 

[1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States;Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States;Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States;School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology Life Sciences, Pullman, WA, United States;Viral Immunology Center, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States;

关键词: apoptosis;    necroptosis;    pyroptosis;    herpes simplex virus;    ocular infection;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fmicb.2022.869064

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) remains one of the most ubiquitous human pathogens on earth. The classical presentation of HSV1 infection occurs as a recurrent lesions of the oral mucosa commonly refer to as the common cold sore. However, HSV1 also is responsible for a range of ocular diseases in immunocompetent persons that are of medical importance, causing vision loss that may result in blindness. These include a recurrent corneal disease, herpes stromal keratitis, and a retinal disease, acute retinal necrosis, for which clinically relevant animal models exist. Diverse host immune mechanisms mediate control over herpesviruses, sustaining lifelong latency in neurons. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis serve as an innate immune mechanism that eliminates virus-infected cells and regulates infection-associated inflammation during virus invasion. These different types of cell death operate under distinct regulatory mechanisms but all server to curtail virus infection. Herpesviruses, including HSV1, have evolved numerous cell death evasion strategies that restrict the hosts ability to control PCD to subvert clearance of infection and modulate inflammation. In this review, we discuss the key studies that have contributed to our current knowledge of cell death pathways manipulated by HSV1 and relate the contributions of cell death to infection and potential ocular disease outcomes.

【 授权许可】

Unknown