Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries

BMC Veterinary Research

Virginie Thibault¹  Rob Barwell²  Willem Van Praet³  Lorna Citer⁴  Karsten Donat⁵  Sam Strain⁶  Shawn McKenna⁷  Lawrence Gavey⁸  Scott Wells⁹  Eiichi Momotani^1,10  Bernardo Alonso^1,11  Solis Norton^1,12  Shoor Vir Singh^1,13  Han Sang Yoo^1,14  Cathy Bauman^1,15  David Kelton^1,15  Simeon Cadmus^1,16  Søren Saxmose Nielsen^1,17  Frank Griffin^1,18  Jorge Fernández-Silva^1,19  Robert Wolf^2,20  Miguel Salgado^2,21  Cristobal Verdugo^2,21  Gilberto Chávez-Gris^2,22  Andres Gil^2,23  José Piaggio^2,23  Sharada Thapaliya^2,24  Herman Barkema^2,25  Polychronis Kostoulas^2,26  Joanna Szteyn^2,27  Md Tanvir Rahman^2,28  Anita Michel^2,29  Gilles Fecteau^3,30  Elena Di Labio^3,31  Jaana Seppänen^3,32  Heike Koehler^3,33  Maarten F. Weber^3,34  Vala Fridriksdottir^3,35  Karina Cirone^3,36  Fernando Paolicchi^3,36  Joseba Garrido^3,37  Amador Goodridge^3,38  Gustavo Echeverría^3,39  Norma Arrigoni^4,40  Annalisa Santi^4,40  Jose Luis Sáez^4,41  Luigi Ruocco^4,42  Alejandra Suanes^4,43  Alvaro Nuñez Alesandre^4,44  Karen Stevenson^4,45  Ratna Gurung^4,46  Satoko Kawaji^4,47  Takehisa Yamamoto^4,47  Monaya Ekgatat^4,48  Matjaz Ocepek^4,49  Jenny Frössling^5,50  Suzanne Eisenberg^5,51  Annette Kampen^5,52  Angelika Agdestein^5,52  Christine Fourichon^5,53  Emmanuelle de Marchin^5,54  Masoud Haghkhah^5,55  Abdolah Derakhshandeh^5,55  Musso Munyeme^5,56  Mike Collins^5,57  Richard Whittington^5,58  Navneet Dhand^5,58  Cord Heuer^5,59  George Caldow^6,60  Jacobus H. de Waard^6,61  Ramon Juste^6,62  Ebba Schwan^6,63  Mike Carter^6,64  Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira^6,65  Iva Slana^6,66  Petr Kralik^6,66  Radka Dziedzinska^6,66 

[1] ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort and GDS France;Animal Health Australia;Animal Health Care Flanders;Animal Health Ireland;Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund;Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon Enterprise Centre;Atlantic Veterinary College;Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries;College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota;Comparative Medical Research Institute;DILAB – SENASA, Martínez;DeerPRO;Deparment of Biotechnology, GLA University;Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University;Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph;Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan;Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen;Disease Research Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre;Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia;Fachabteilung Gesundheit und Pflegemanagement;Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile;Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México;Facultad de Veterinaria;Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury;Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University;Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria;Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal;Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office;Finnish Food Authority;Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health;GD Animal Health;Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland;Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria;Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario-NEIKER;Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge;Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis, Universidad Central del Ecuador;Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna;Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment;Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines;Ministry of Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay;Ministry of Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries;Moredun Research Institute;National Centre for Animal Health;National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization;National Institute of Animal Health;National Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana;National Veterinary Institute;Niedersächsische Tierseuchenkasse;Norwegian Veterinary Institute;Oniris – INRA, Department Farm Animal Health and Public Health;Regional Association for Animal Identification and Health;School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University;School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia;School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison;School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney;School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University;Scotland’s Rural College;Servicio Autonomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela;Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA);Swedish Farm and Animal Health;USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services;Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa;Veterinary Research Institute;

关键词: Paratuberculosis;    Control;    Review;    Prevalence;    Cattle;    Sheep;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Abstract Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.

【 授权许可】

Unknown