Periapical Surgery. Review. Classic vs Modern Concepts

International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports

关键词: microscope;    endoscope;    haemostasis;    flaps;    isthmus;   

DOI  :  http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.periapical-surgery

来源: DOAJ

【 摘 要 】

Modern endodontic surgery is microsurgical. The microscope, endoscope, ultrasonic tools, microinstruments allow much less trauma. Flaps reflection is less invasive, ostectomy and osteotomy is much smaller which improves healing and treatment outcome. Root resection is as big as possible and as much as needed to preserve the stability of teeth. Performing surgery without thorough knowledge of new advancements and concepts is below the standard of practice.

【 授权许可】

Unknown